Some fauna includes the and many These animals adapted to live in deserts are called. Many desert animals (and plants) show especially clear evolutionary adaptations for water conservation or heat tolerance, and so are often studied in, and One well-studied example is the specializations of mammalian kidneys shown by desert-inhabiting species. Many examples o have been identified in desert organisms, including between and and and lizards. Some flora includes shrubs, and the Most desert are drought- or salt-tolerant, such as Some store water in their leave roots, and stems. Other desert plants have long that penetrate to the water table if present, or have adapted to the weather by having wide-spreading to absorb water from a greater of the ground. Another adaptation is the development of small, spiny which shed less moisture than leaves with greater surface areas. The stems and leaves of some plants lower the surface velocity of sand-carrying winds and protect the ground from erosion. Even small fungi and microscopic plant organisms found on the soil surface (so-called can be a vital link in preventing erosion and providing support for other living organisms. Although often thought of as characteristic desert plants, other types of plants have adapted well to the arid environment. They include the and families. Cold deserts have grasses and shrubs as dominant vegetation.
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